基于GIS的滑坡、泥石流灾害危险性区划关键问题研究

随着GIS技术的引入,滑坡、泥石流灾害危险性区划的效率和准确性得以大大提高。依据工程地质类比原则,在灾害学理论指导下,结合专家打分、层次分析、人工神经网络、信息量、Logistic回归、统计量等模型方法,以MAPGIS软件为平台,利用C++语言开发了滑坡、泥石流灾害危险性区划评价分析系统;并重点探讨了GIS支持下的滑坡、泥石流灾害危险性区划过程中的因子分析、模型选取、模型复合、单元划分、系统集成、结果评价等关键问题,建立了一整套基于GIS的滑坡、泥石流灾害评价方法体系。应用该系统对长江三峡库区和辽宁省鞍山市分别开展了滑坡、泥石流灾害危险性区划研究,取得了较好的效果。     

新疆萨惹什克锡矿与萨北碱性A型花岗岩成因关系的年代学制约

新疆东准噶尔地区的萨惹什克锡矿呈脉状产于萨北花岗岩体中。对于这种脉状矿床,成岩和成矿近时性的时间制约是证明矿床与围岩有成因关系的首要证据。萨北岩体由含碱性铁铁矿物的碱性花岗岩组成,全岩地球化学结果显示,碱性花岗岩具高碱、低 Ca,明显富集稀土元素、高场强元素(Zr,Hf,Nb,Ta,Y)和大离子亲石元素(Rb,Th,U),而强烈亏损Sr,Ba,Eu,属于典型的碱性 A 型花岗岩。锡矿脉由占绝对优势的锡石和石英组成,受北东和近东西向的断裂破碎带控制。原有研究证实,形成该锡矿床的成矿流体属于具高温、低盐度和低密度的岩浆水。据此并结合锡矿体的围岩性质,前人认为锡矿床与碱性花岗岩有成因联系。但是,由于分析技术和样品选择上的制约,萨北岩体成岩和萨惹什克锡矿成矿的确切时代一直没有得到合理的解决。本文报道了我们最近获得的碱性花岗岩锆石 LA-ICP-MS U—Pb 和锡矿石辉钼矿 Re-Os 同位素年龄(分别为306±3Ma 和307±11Ma)。上述结果表明,萨北碱性花岗岩和萨惹什克锡矿石属于同期地质事件的产物,从而为两者具有密切成因联系提供了重要的年代学制约。此外,根据碱性花岗岩的ε_(Nd)(t)(≈ 5.0)低于研究区亏损地幔4.5个ε单位,我们认为形成萨北岩体的花岗岩浆不是直接来源于亏损地幔玄武质岩浆结晶分异作用的产物,而更可能是起源于本区年轻洋壳和陆源沉积物的部分熔融。     

基于Hv方法的三轴液压振动系统频响函数估计的研究

三轴液压振动系统是实验室内模拟振动环境的主要设备,其主要功能是精确地复现给定的功率谱和时间历程。振动控制技术是实现这一目标的关键技术,它以频响函数估计为基础。频响函数估计的精度影响控制过程的快速性和稳定性。本文对几种典型的频响函数估计方法进行了分析,针对传统方法精度低且受到矩阵病态条件约束等缺点,应用特征分析与摄动理论构造了一种多入多出的Hv方法,并且应用三轴液压振动系统的实测数据对其进行了检验。结果表明该方法是适用的。     

枞树板铅锌矿磁组构研究

研究了枞树板铅锌矿区的磁组构特征。结果表明,在变形较弱及无应变标志体的地区,利用磁组构进行构造变形分析是非常有效的,其结果不仅与其它方法的结果大体一致,而且能够获得用其它方法难以获得的认识（如变形类型问题）。据此可以分析控矿构造的变形性质及演化,查明构造控矿的规律。     

我国东部新生代玄武岩岩石化学的一些探讨

新生代是地球上玄武质岩浆的主要活动期。在我国东部,新生代玄武岩分布也极广泛,由北往南自大兴安岭、松辽盆地经华北、苏闽浙至台湾、海南岛以及近海大陆架均有不同程度的出露。时间上从老第三纪至史期均有玄武岩喷发活动。     

牙鲆孵化酶的分离纯化及其部分生物化学性质研究

利用凝胶过滤柱层析和阴离子交换柱层析技术，从牙鲆（Paralichthys olivaceus）胚胎孵化液中分离纯化出了大小约为34．8ku的牙鲆孵化酶。该酶卵膜裂解的最适反应温度为35℃，最适pH为7．0；对底物酪蛋白的米氏常数Km值为1．53mmol／L。该酶对丝氨酸蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶的特异性抑制剂非常敏感，而对其他蛋白酶抑制剂不敏感，表明该酶极可能是一种丝氨酸蛋白酶类型的胰蛋白酶。此外，该酶可浓度依赖性地被EDTA所抑制，被Cu^2＋所强烈抑制，被Ca^2＋和Mg^2＋所激活，对Zn^2＋则不敏感，表明该酶很可能是一种金属蛋白酶。     

西沙群岛生物碳酸盐的成因和沉积:来自活体仙掌藻的证据

A recent island survey reveals that the Xuande Atoll and the Yongle Atoll in the Xisha Islands can be classified into one of two systems: the depleted atoll system and growth atoll system; the survey also indicates that the decreased area of several shoals is an unbearable burden for the Xisha Islands, of which the largest island area is 2.13 km2 and the minimum elevation is 1.4 m. According to a survey on the ecological characteristics of Halimeda in the Laolongtou breaker zone of Shidao Island in the Xisha Islands, the green and white living Halimeda are collected,the isotopic ages of 14 C contained in the Halimeda are shown to be 27 years and 55 years, respectively, and carbonate mainly occurs in five types, i.e., luster, segment, sand, sand grain, and marl in the formation. The Halimeda segments mainly provide the carbonate sediments of long-term biogenic deposits in the reef environment and the annual productivity per area is 60–100 g/m2; the characteristics of the microstructure of the Halimeda are analyzed, the aragonite raphide carbonate is deposited and enriched in the cortexes, medullas and cysts, and the Halimeda generally contain major elements such as C, O, Ca, Cl, Mg, K, Na, S and Al, and are rich in trace elements such as tellurium(Te), rhodium(Rh) and strontium. It is believed that the Halimeda grow slowly,including the biotic community of reef corals in the reef areas, thus they possess an environmental remediation capacity, but it takes much time to remedy the environment, and it is necessary to make the law to protect the diversity and vulnerability of the Xisha marine ecology, the ecology of the reef community and the island environment in a scientific way. As indicated in the survey, under the background of global warming and sea-level rise, the discovery of large amounts of Halimeda in the Laolongtou sea area is significant for the natural increase of the depleted atoll system of the Xuande Atoll, while the Halimeda segments represent the primary form of the fossil Halimeda, of which the species can be identified and preserved in great numbers under geological conditions. The Miocene was discovered in large amounts in the Xichen-1 well, therefore the study on the characteristics and mechanism of Halimeda carbonate sediments plays a pivotal role in the formation and construction of organic reefs in the South China Sea as well as oil and gas exploration.     

长牡蛎F3 代快速生长选育群体生长特性的研究

采用模型拟合方法研究了长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)F3代快速生长选育群体不同时期各生长性状的发育规律。结果表明,长牡蛎幼虫期壳高(SH)、壳长(SL)对日龄(t)的回归遵循Logistic模型,生长方程分别为SH=455.612/(1+9.500e-0.142t),R2=0.999;SL=462.476/(1+8.026e-0.108t),R2=0.996。幼虫期壳高与壳长成直线相关,回归方程为SL=0.76SH+18.82,R2=0.994。长牡蛎养成期各生长性状呈现明显的季节变化,壳高(SH)、壳长(SL)、壳宽(SW)和总质量(TW)对月龄(X)的多项式回归方程分别为SH=-0.0297X4+1.0365X3-12.0220X2+57.6500X-68.9260,R2=0.985;SL=-0.0173X4+0.5893X3-6.5702X2+30.2420X-34.4150,R2=0.986;SW=-0.0068X4+0.2620X3-3.2806X2+16.9170X-22.1410,R2=0.956;TW=-0.0219X4+0.8234X3-10.1680X2+50.7040X-85.4110,R2=0.972。壳高、壳长、壳宽与总质量均呈幂函数相关,回归方程分别为SH=23.645TW0.3213,R2=0.998;SL=12.337TW0.3776,R2=0.995;SW=6.611TW0.3589,R2=0.981。     

专门用途英语后缀构词力研究——以航海英语为例

选取英语中常见15个后缀作为研究对象,以Baayen等语言学者对构词力的定量计算公式作为理论依据,考察其过去的构词力和潜在构词力的大小,并对他们进行详细的比较和分析。研究结果显示,后缀在专门用途英语(航海英语)中的构词力要高于在普通英语(BNC)的构词力。15个后缀在航海英语中的过去构词力呈现出名词性词缀动词性词缀形容词性词缀的趋势,在未来构词力上又呈现出相反的顺序。